Understanding and Managing Dog Diarrhoea: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

As devoted dog owners, our furry companions' health and happiness are of paramount importance to us. One common digestive issue that dogs may encounter is diarrhoea, which can vary from mild discomfort to more severe episodes.

A study on the National Library of Medicine includes reference to two studies regarding diarrhoea in dogs:

• In a questionnaire study of dog owners in the UK, 14.9% (266/1784) of dogs had had diarrhoea within the previous two week period (Hubbard et al., 2007)
• In a cross-sectional study of vet-visiting dogs, 28.6% (68/249) of dogs either had a presenting complaint of diarrhoea, or had had diarrhoea within the previous month (Stavisky et al., 2010)

Understanding the causes, symptoms, and appropriate treatments for dog diarrhoea is essential in safeguarding their well-being. By recognising the underlying factors that trigger this condition, we can take proactive measures to maintain our dogs' optimal health. 

This guide aims to equip dog owners with vital information on managing and preventing diarrhoea in our beloved pets, enabling us to provide the best possible care and support for their digestive health.

Together, let's ensure our loyal companions lead happy, healthy lives free from digestive discomfort.

Causes of Dog Diarrhoea                          

Dog diarrhoea is a prevalent health concern among pet owners, and understanding its common causes is crucial in providing proper care and support for our canine companions. Various factors can contribute to diarrhoea in dogs, ranging from mild and self-limiting episodes to more severe and potentially life-threatening conditions.

Dietary Indiscretion:

One of the primary causes of dog diarrhoea is dietary indiscretion, which occurs when dogs consume inappropriate or non-food items. This may include scavenging from the rubbish, ingesting spoiled food, or eating items like grass, plants, or even toys. These ingested substances can irritate the gastrointestinal tract, leading to diarrhoea.

Food Allergies or Intolerances:

Just like humans, dogs can also experience food allergies or intolerances. Certain ingredients in their diet, such as grains, proteins, or additives, can trigger an allergic response or gastrointestinal sensitivity, resulting in diarrhoea.

Certain Medications:

Diarrhoea in dogs can also be a side effect of certain medications. Some drugs, such as antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and chemotherapeutic agents, may disrupt the normal balance of gut bacteria or irritate the gastrointestinal lining, leading to diarrhoea. It's important to follow the vet's dosage instructions carefully and report any signs of diarrhoea or other adverse reactions during the course of medication. In some cases, the vet may adjust the dosage or recommend an alternative treatment to minimise gastrointestinal side effects.

Bacterial or Viral Infections:

Infections caused by bacteria or viruses can lead to diarrhoea in dogs. Common culprits include Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Parvovirus. These infections can be contracted through contaminated food, water, or exposure to infected animals.

Parasites:

Intestinal parasites like roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, and Giardia can cause diarrhoea in dogs. These parasites can be contracted through contaminated soil, water, or faeces. 

Stress:

Dogs can be sensitive to changes in their environment or routine, leading to stress-induced diarrhoea. Events such as moving to a new home, the addition of a new family member, or loud noises can trigger stress in some dogs and disrupt their gastrointestinal balance.

Identifying the cause of diarrhoea is essential, as the treatment and management may vary depending on the underlying factor. In mild cases of diarrhoea, withholding food for 12-24 hours and providing ample water to prevent dehydration may be sufficient. However, if the diarrhoea persists or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as lethargy, vomiting, or blood in the stool, a vet should be consulted promptly. 

To prevent diarrhoea in dogs, it is essential to maintain a consistent and balanced diet, avoid giving them access to potentially harmful items, and practice good hygiene to minimise the risk of infections and parasitic infestations. Additionally, managing stress and providing a stable and nurturing environment can contribute to a healthier gastrointestinal system. 

Regular vet check-ups and prompt attention to any gastrointestinal issues can ensure early detection and appropriate management of diarrhoea in dogs, leading to happier, healthier, and more vibrant lives for our beloved pets.

 

Symptoms and Signs of Dog Diarrhoea

When it comes to identifying dog diarrhoea, there are several typical symptoms that pet owners should be aware of. Diarrhoea is characterised by loose or watery stools, which may be more frequent than usual. Dogs with diarrhoea may also show signs of straining while attempting to defecate, as well as the presence of mucus or even blood in the stool. These symptoms can vary in intensity depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition.

In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, diarrhoea in dogs may be accompanied by other signs that warrant attention. Lethargy is a common indicator of illness in dogs, and when combined with diarrhoea, it can indicate a more serious issue. Dogs experiencing diarrhoea may also exhibit a decreased appetite and refuse to eat. Vomiting can sometimes occur in conjunction with diarrhoea, further exacerbating the risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

Dehydration is a significant concern with diarrhoea, especially if the condition persists for an extended period. Dogs with diarrhoea may lose a considerable amount of fluid, leading to dehydration, which can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly. Pet owners should watch for signs of dehydration, including lethargy, dry mouth, sunken eyes, and reduced skin elasticity.

Monitoring the severity and duration of diarrhoea symptoms is crucial in determining whether a visit to the vet is necessary. Mild and short-lived episodes of diarrhoea may resolve on their own with home care, such as withholding food for a brief period and offering plenty of water to prevent dehydration. However, if the diarrhoea is persistent, contains blood, or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, veterinary attention should be sought immediately. 

When visiting the vet, it's helpful to provide as much information as possible about the dog's symptoms, recent diet changes, exposure to potential toxins, and any recent medications. This information will assist the vet in diagnosing the underlying cause of the diarrhoea and determining the most appropriate treatment plan.

In some cases, the vet may recommend faecal testing to check for the presence of parasites or perform blood work to assess the dog's overall health and detect any underlying infections or organ dysfunctions. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment options may include dietary changes, medication to address infections or inflammation, or supportive care to manage dehydration and restore electrolyte balance.

 

When to Seek Veterinary Care 

Immediate veterinary care is crucial in certain scenarios when it comes to dog diarrhoea. If the diarrhoea is severe or persistent, lasting for more than 24-48 hours, it requires prompt attention from a veterinarian. Likewise, if the stool contains blood or appears black and tarry, this may indicate bleeding in the digestive tract, which demands immediate evaluation and treatment.

Dehydration is a serious concern, particularly for dogs with diarrhoea. Signs of dehydration, such as lethargy, dry gums, sunken eyes, and reduced skin elasticity, necessitate urgent veterinary care. In these cases, intravenous fluids and supportive care may be required to rehydrate the dog and restore electrolyte balance. 

Special attention should be given to certain vulnerable groups of dogs. Puppies have weaker immune systems and can quickly succumb to dehydration, so even mild diarrhoea in young dogs should be addressed promptly. Elderly dogs may have underlying health conditions that can be aggravated by diarrhoea, making it essential to seek veterinary advice. 

For dogs with pre-existing health conditions, such as kidney disease or inflammatory bowel disease, diarrhoea can be particularly concerning. In these cases, diarrhoea may signify a worsening of their condition or a flare-up, and immediate veterinary attention is necessary to prevent complications.

As dog owners, it is essential to trust our instincts and be attentive to our pets' well-being. If we notice any concerning symptoms or are uncertain about the severity of the diarrhoea, consulting a vet is the best course of action. Vets are experienced in identifying potential issues, and early intervention can lead to better outcomes.

 

Diagnosing Dog Diarrhoea

When a dog experiences diarrhoea, the diagnostic process is crucial in identifying the underlying cause and developing an effective treatment plan. The process typically begins with a thorough physical examination by a vet. During this examination, the vet will assess the dog's overall health, check for signs of dehydration, abdominal pain, or discomfort, and gather information about the diarrhoea's onset and progression.

Analysing the dog's medical history is also an essential part of the diagnostic process. The vet will enquire about the dog's diet, recent changes in food or environment, any exposure to potential toxins, and any pre-existing health conditions.

Faecal examinations are commonly performed to check for the presence of parasites, such as roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, and Giardia. Detecting these parasites helps in understanding whether they are contributing to the diarrhoea and guides the appropriate treatment.

Blood tests are another valuable diagnostic tool. They provide a comprehensive view of the dog's overall health, including assessing organ function, blood cell counts, and detecting signs of infection or inflammation. These tests can help rule out or identify underlying health issues that may be linked to the diarrhoea.

In cases where bacterial or viral infections are suspected, the veterinarian may recommend specific tests. For instance, bacterial cultures can identify the presence of harmful bacteria, while PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) tests can detect certain viral infections.

It is essential for dog owners to work closely with their vet throughout the diagnostic process. The vet's expertise and guidance are instrumental in determining the cause of diarrhoea and formulating a suitable treatment plan. Depending on the diagnosis, the treatment approach may include dietary changes, medication to address infections or inflammation, dog probiotics, or supportive care such as rehydration therapy. 

Throughout the treatment period, close monitoring of the dog's response to therapy is vital. Follow-up visits to the vet may be necessary to ensure that the diarrhoea resolves, and the dog's overall health is improving.

  

Treating Dog Diarrhoea

When our canine companions experience diarrhoea, providing appropriate treatment is essential in promoting their recovery and overall well-being. While the specific approach may vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition, there are general treatment approaches that can help alleviate symptoms and support the healing process.

1. Withholding Food: In mild cases of dog diarrhoea, one common treatment approach is to withhold food for a short period, usually between 12 to 24 hours. This allows the digestive system to rest and may help in reducing irritation and inflammation.

2. Bland Diet: After the fasting period, a bland diet consisting of easily digestible foods is often introduced. A popular bland diet option is boiled chicken and rice. These foods are gentle on the stomach and can help firm up the stools. The ratio of chicken to rice should be about 1:2 or 1:3. Gradually transitioning back to the dog's regular diet should be done once the diarrhoea improves.

3. Probiotics: Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can help restore the balance of gut flora. They are especially useful if the diarrhoea is caused by an imbalance in the gut microbiome. Probiotics for dogs can be found in certain foods or supplements and can aid in promoting normal bowel movements.

4. Hydration: Proper hydration is crucial in managing dog diarrhoea. Dogs with diarrhoea may lose significant amounts of fluids, leading to dehydration. Access to fresh water should be provided at all times, and encouraging the dog to drink is essential. In severe cases of diarrhoea or dehydration, the vet may recommend the use of electrolyte solutions to help restore the dog's electrolyte balance.

5. Veterinary Guidance: If the diarrhoea is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms, seeking professional advice promptly is crucial. Avoid administering over-the-counter medications without veterinary approval, as some medications may exacerbate the condition or interact with other treatments.

 

Prevention and Management Strategies

To help prevent dog diarrhoea, there are a few simple strategies that you can implement to help minimise the risk of digestive upsets and promote a healthy gastrointestinal system.

1. Balanced and Appropriate Diet: Feeding a balanced and nutritionally appropriate diet is fundamental in preventing dog diarrhoea. Ensure that the dog's food is of high quality, suitable for their age, size, and health requirements. Avoid feeding them table scraps or foods that may be harmful to dogs, such as chocolate, onions, garlic, and grapes.

2. Gradual Dietary Changes: Sudden changes in diet can be disruptive to a dog's digestive system and may lead to diarrhoea. When transitioning to a new food, do it gradually by mixing small amounts of the new food with the old one over a week or more until the full transition is complete.

3. Keep Toxic Substances Out of Reach: Dogs are curious creatures, and they may ingest toxic substances if they are within their reach. Ensure that household cleaning products, medications, and other potentially harmful items are safely stored and out of the dog's reach.

4. Clean Living Environment: Maintaining a clean living environment is essential in preventing diarrhoea caused by ingesting bacteria or parasites from contaminated areas. Regularly clean and disinfect food and water bowls, toys, bedding, and the surrounding area.

5. Regular Deworming: Parasitic infestations can contribute to diarrhoea in dogs. Regular deworming, as recommended by the vet, can help prevent such infestations and their associated symptoms. 

6. Hygiene Practices: Practicing good hygiene is vital to prevent the spread of infectious agents that can lead to diarrhoea. Wash your hands thoroughly after handling the dog, especially before eating, and teach children to do the same. 

7. Stress Management: Dogs can be sensitive to changes in their environment or routine, leading to stress-induced diarrhoea. Managing stress by providing a stable and nurturing environment can help prevent digestive upsets. 

8. Gradual Introduction of New Foods or Environmental Changes: When introducing new foods or environmental changes, such as moving to a new home or the addition of a new family member, do so gradually where possible. This allows the dog to adjust more comfortably and minimises the risk of gastrointestinal disturbances.

9. Track Potential Triggers: Keeping a journal to track potential triggers or patterns of diarrhoea can be helpful for future reference. Note the dog's diet, any changes or stressors, and the presence or absence of diarrhoea. This record can aid the vet in diagnosing the cause if diarrhoea occurs.

  

When to Revisit the Vet

There are situations where veterinary re-evaluation is necessary. Some cases of diarrhoea may not resolve as expected or may be indicative of underlying health issues that require further investigation and treatment.

If a dog's diarrhoea worsens despite initial treatment, or if there is no improvement after a reasonable period, it is essential to seek veterinary attention. Persistent diarrhoea may indicate an unresolved underlying cause that needs to be addressed by a professional.

Additionally, if the dog develops additional signs of illness, such as vomiting, lethargy, loss of appetite, or fever, it may signal a more significant health problem that requires immediate attention. These symptoms can be concerning and may indicate a more severe condition that needs to be diagnosed and managed by a vet. 

If there are any concerns or uncertainties about the dog's condition, seeking further guidance or reassessment from your vet is highly recommended.

 

Conclusion

In conclusion, dog diarrhoea is a common digestive issue that can range from mild to severe. It is important for you to understand the causes, symptoms, and appropriate treatment options to ensure the well-being of your furry companions. 

If your dog experiences diarrhoea, it is crucial to monitor the severity and duration of symptoms. Mild cases can often be managed at home with temporary dietary adjustments and supportive care. However, if the diarrhoea is severe, persistent, or accompanied by concerning symptoms, it is best to seek veterinary care promptly. A veterinarian will be able to diagnose the underlying cause and recommend the most appropriate treatment plan.

Prevention plays a vital role in managing dog diarrhoea. Providing a balanced and appropriate diet, maintaining good hygiene practices, and minimising stressors can help prevent digestive upsets. Regular vet check-ups, deworming, and open communication with your vet are essential for the long-term health of your dog.

Every dog is unique, and what works for one may not work for another. Trust your instincts as a pet owner and seek professional advice when needed. With proper care and attention, you can help your dog maintain a healthy digestive system and overall well-being.

 

Dog Diarrhoea FAQs

What do you give a dog for diarrhoea?

For mild cases of diarrhoea in dogs, it is best to withhold food for 12-24 hours, ensuring access to fresh water to prevent dehydration. After fasting, a bland diet of boiled chicken and rice can be introduced to soothe the digestive system. Probiotics may also help restore gut balance. However, if diarrhoea persists or worsens, it is essential to consult a veterinarian for proper evaluation and treatment.

 

When should I worry about dog diarrhoea?

You should worry about dog diarrhoea if it is severe, persistent for more than 24-48 hours, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as blood in the stool, lethargy, vomiting, or signs of dehydration (dry gums, sunken eyes). Puppies, elderly dogs, and those with pre-existing health conditions may require immediate attention even with mild diarrhoea. If you are uncertain or concerned about your dog's condition, seek veterinary advice promptly for proper evaluation and treatment.

 

How long should diarrhoea last in dogs?

The duration of diarrhoea in dogs can vary depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In mild cases, diarrhoea may resolve within 24-48 hours with appropriate home care and dietary adjustments. However, if diarrhoea persists for more than two days or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it is advisable to seek veterinary attention for proper evaluation and treatment. Timely intervention can help identify the cause and alleviate the diarrhoea more effectively.

 

Why is my dog pooping liquid?

There are several possible reasons why your dog may be pooping liquid. It could be due to dietary indiscretion, food allergies, viral or bacterial infections, parasites, or stress. Other factors like medications or sudden dietary changes can also lead to diarrhoea in dogs. If your dog is consistently pooping liquid or if there are other concerning symptoms, it's important to consult a veterinarian for proper evaluation and treatment to address the underlying cause.

 

Is scrambled egg good for dogs with diarrhoea?

Scrambled eggs can be a good option for dogs with diarrhoea, as they are gentle on the stomach and easy to digest. However, it's essential to feed them plain and without added ingredients like butter or seasonings. Eggs can also be a source of protein, which is beneficial for dogs. Nonetheless, if diarrhoea persists or worsens, it's best to consult a vet to address the underlying cause and determine the most appropriate diet for your dog's specific condition.

 

Why has my dog had diarrhoea for 3 days?

Diarrhoea in dogs that lasts for three days could be caused by various factors, such as dietary indiscretion, food allergies, infections, parasites, or stress. It's possible that the initial trigger has not been resolved, leading to ongoing digestive upset. If the diarrhoea persists for more than two days, it's crucial to seek veterinary attention for proper evaluation and treatment. The vet can identify the underlying cause and recommend appropriate measures to help alleviate the diarrhoea and promote your dog's recovery.

 

Should you walk a dog with diarrhoea?

It's generally best to avoid walking a dog with diarrhoea, especially if the condition is severe or persistent. Diarrhoea can cause discomfort and frequent urgent bowel movements, making walks challenging for both the dog and the owner. Additionally, walking in public areas could lead to further spread of potential infections or parasites. Instead, allow the dog to rest and recover at home, and consult a vet if the diarrhoea persists or worsens.

 

Why is my dog acting fine but has explosive diarrhoea?

Dogs can sometimes act fine despite having explosive diarrhoea due to their natural ability to mask discomfort. Some dogs may try to hide signs of illness or pain as a survival instinct. Additionally, the severity of diarrhoea may not always correlate with the dog's behaviour. There could be various reasons for the sudden onset of explosive diarrhoea, such as dietary indiscretion, food allergies, infections, or stress. If the diarrhoea persists or worsens, it's crucial to consult a vet to identify the underlying cause and provide appropriate treatment.

 

Why does my dog have diarrhoea after medication?

Diarrhoea after taking medication in dogs can occur due to various reasons. Some medications can irritate the gastrointestinal tract, leading to digestive upset. Antibiotics, in particular, may disrupt the balance of gut bacteria, causing diarrhoea. Additionally, certain medications may have side effects that include gastrointestinal disturbances. If the diarrhoea persists or is severe, it's essential to consult the vet, who can adjust the dosage or recommend alternative treatments to alleviate the side effects and ensure your dog's well-being.

 

What helps a dog with sudden diarrhoea?

If your dog experiences sudden diarrhoea, it's best to withhold food for 12-24 hours to allow the digestive system to rest. Ensure access to fresh water to prevent dehydration. After fasting, introduce a bland diet of boiled chicken and rice, which is gentle on the stomach and helps firm up the stools. Monitor your dog's condition closely and seek veterinary attention if the diarrhoea persists, worsens, or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms. Natural supplements such as psyllium husk can help with sudden diarrhoea by absorbing excess water in the gastrointestinal tract, adding bulk to the stools, and promoting regular bowel movements.